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(Bloomberg) — Walt Disney Co. has targeted several legendary comic book artists with lawsuits seeking to decisively establish that it owns the rights to Marvel superheroes they helped create.
The media giant, which acquired Marvel in 2009, on Friday sued Larry Lieber, who helped create the characters Iron Man, Thor and Ant-Man, and the estates of several other artists, including Spider-Man co-creator Steve Ditko and Black Widow co-creator Donald L. Heck. Disney asked federal courts in New York and Los Angeles to issue declaratory judgments that it alone owns the rights to those characters.
According to Disney, Lieber, the brother of late Marvel editor and publisher Stan Lee, and the heirs of the other artists served notices on the company this year indicating that they were terminating Marvel’s rights to characters including Spider-Man, Iron Man and Black Widow.
Dan Petrocelli, a lawyer for Disney, said on Friday the suits were filed “to confirm that the termination notices are invalid and of no legal effect.”
The characters at issue have featured prominently in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, one of the most successful film franchises of all time with 25 blockbusters released to date. The latest, “Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings,” the first Marvel film featuring an Asian actor as the star, set an all-time record for a film opening over the Labor Day weekend. Marvel characters have also been given starring roles in original series on Netflix and Disney’s own streaming service.
Disney argues that it has the right to any creations by Marvel comic book artists, as they were works made “for hire” and paid for by the page.
“Marvel assigned Lieber stories to write, had the right to exercise creative control over Lieber’s contributions, and paid Lieber a per-page rate for his contributions,” the company said. “As a result, any contributions Lieber made were at Marvel’s instance and expense, rendering his contributions work made for hire.”
The company pointed to a similar case involving the estate of another famous Marvel artist, Jack Kirby, in which federal courts held that his works were made for the company. Disney settled with Kirby’s family in 2014.
Marc Toberoff, the lawyer for Lieber and several of the artists’ estates, noted that he represented the Kirby family in the earlier dispute. According to Toberoff, the settlement prevented the case from going all the way to the Supreme Court, which the lawyer said he regretted and was now seeking to rectify.
“At the core of these cases is an anachronistic and highly criticized interpretation of ‘work-made-for-hire’ under the 1909 Copyright Act that needs to be rectified,” he said.
The suits are Marvel Characters Inc. v Lieber, 21-cv-7955; Marvel Characters Inc. v Ditko, 21-cv-7957; and Marvel Characters Inc. v Dettwiler, 21-cv-7959, all in U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan); Marvel Characters Inc. v Solo, 21-cv-5316, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York; and Marvel Characters Inc. v Hart-Rico, U.S. District Court, Central District of California (Los Angeles.)